The Roles of School Counselor

The Roles of School Counselor Based on the counselor's log book listed 26 roles or responsibilities that must be done by a counselor. However, counselors are not necessarily bound by duties recorded because the scope of duties of a counselor is actually more than that. According to Mr. Zaifulnizam, role that can be played as a counselor must be based on knowledge of appropriate guidance and counseling so that they can deal with problems at school and managed to turn the actual functions of guidance and counseling.The main role of the counselor is responsible in order to expand the potential of each student, this is because guidance and counseling services are structured activities will help students to examine, evaluate and choose a realistic personal goal and to ensure that they are desire to achieve their goals. Counselor’s role is not only to help students identify and achieve their goals but encourage and guide students to identify the right direction of life.That’s mean counselor’s role is not only to students' academic performance only but a student's life as a whole in line with the philosophy of education. Mr. Zaifulnizam also stated, counselor also serves as a mediator between the outsider and the school. Outsiders can be parents, society and the authorities such as police. Therefore, the counselor is also responsible for preserve the reputation and good name of the school. Even, counselors also need to act as a mediator between teachers and students. In the some condition the teacher need assistance counselors to understand the students’.Mr. Zaifulnizam also said counselors must be well-informed as they also act as an informer to all school community because, the counselor will be referred if something important happen in the school. Counselor’s role is not only limited towards the counseling process alone but also serves to plan and implement school activities throughout the year, especially involving student affair s. In other words the counselors also serve as planners, implementers, motivator, and advisor for the school community. Types of Services ProvidedThe guidance and counseling unit (UBK) are responsible for providing and coordinating all activities and services supported by the curriculum and co-curriculum activities. According to the Ministry of Education (KPM) in the books of Implementation Guidelines, Guidance and Counseling Services in Schools have outlined several principles. Among other things, guidance and counseling is an educational process, a process that is planned and ongoing. In SMKPM, apart from the annual program of activities the UBK also provide some guidance and counseling program that is planned as follows: a) Counseling Services Counselors provide the guidance and counseling services for individuals or groups. Individual counseling is the process of counseling to students who have problems whether they come alone or who are referred by other teachers. students usua lly come in person to get the consultation is that students who excel in academics, while the case was referred by the other teachers involving students who have problems in school such as not completing their homework and have no interest in learning.But there are also cases where the counselors themselves will review student files such as academic file or discipline file and, where there are problems such as deterioration of academic achievement and student discipline misconduct, UBK themselves will call the student is to be consulted. Usually the individual counseling program is ongoing throughout the year. While Group Counseling is a process of group counseling in which all students usually have the same problem or issue for discussion.This is to enable students to understand the situation and acquire the ability to act and to overcome the discomfort experienced. In addition to counseling services also provide consultancy services to teachers who are always facing issues related to student behavior, student relations and matters of personality development of the students at the school. b) Personality development * The counselor will be requested to solve disciplinary problems. The school discipline will refer students who commit disciplinary offenses repeatedly to a counselor to resolve.Through individual counseling or group of students will be advised to change their attitudes according to the school rules. For example when there is a student who likes to bully their peers, the UBK will call for a consultation session, they will be given proper advice to the formation of their personal development towards a better and consequently remove the bad behavior. c) Motivation and learning skills * Students are given the guidance to keep their academic achievement. Counselor role to motivate students less confident of their abilities and given up with their academic performance.Counselors also play a role in guiding the students to acquire the skills to learn, ho w to control stress, time management skills and effective learning techniques and answering exam questions. Therefore the Guidance and Counseling Unit has planned special programs such as ‘Program Maju Diri’, ‘Program Teknik Menjawab Soalan’, and ‘Program Motivasi / Bijak Belajar PMR dan SPM’. d) Career Development Guidance * The Guidance and Counseling Unit provide a variety of programs for students to expose them to the working world.The main purpose of the program is to enable students to learn the things themselves so that the appropriate choice of careers can be made. Programs implemented are the ‘Program Hari Kerjaya' and the ‘Pameran Kerjaya’. Such programs usually emphasized on form five students. e) Orientation program to the new teachers * The Guidance and Counseling Unit also responsible in managing the orientation program for the new teachers. These programs are specific to the new teachers to familiarize themselv es with the school. f) Career development for teachers Responsible for handling the career enhancement programs for teachers. An example of career enhancement programs for teachers is LADAP (Latihan Dalam Perkhidmatan). Problem handled Problems handled by the guidance and counseling unit (UBK) in the scope of duties and responsibilities that must performed by a counselor. It involves any student in need of guidance and advice and has been classified these cases into eight categories such as Academic, personal, career, discipline, psychosocial, drug or cigarettes, family and HIV or Aids.The highest cases handled by UBK is discipline cases, most common discipline offense committed by the student is skipping school and modes of dress that does not comply with the school rules. These kinds of cases are usually referred by the school discipline unit. Discipline is the highest cases because it involves a lot repetitive cases such as truancy and absenteeism. The second highest cases involv es academic and career. Usually these cases are referred by teachers or students themselves voluntarily come to seek for advice, they usually have a good level of academic achievement.Family problem and students personal matter among the popular cases handled by the UBK. Most of the students in SMKPM are from middle-income families. This caused many of neglected children less attention from their parents because they are busy to earn for living. Some even came from a broken family and parents with problems that affect their children indirectly. This causes the children do not interested in studies and always skipping school. They are usually referred by the class teacher for advice and counseling. Sometimes there are also students themselves who come to seek for advice on personal problems.There are also the cases handled by UBK involving students who have problems in psychosocial. The psychosocial problems related with mental wellness of students such as spiritual and self-esteem. Such cases are usually referred by teachers or by parents themselves. Students who are involved in drugs and cigarettes were also handled by the UBK. Although drugs and cigarettes is not popular cases, the school authorities through UBK still take necessary precautions by conducting lot of programs that expose disadvantages of drugs and cigarettes to students. So far there has been no case of HIV and Aids.STATISTICS ON CASE (January – September 2012) Type of Cases| Num. of Cases| Academic| 56| Personal| 20| Career| 47| Discipline| 113| Psychosocial| 13| Drug/Cigarettes| 6| Family| 23| HIV/Aids| 0| Total| 278| The pie chart above shows the percentage of cases handled by UBK. Discipline cases showed the highest record. Apart from discipline, other popular cases handled by UBK are academic and career of the students. While there were no cases of HIV and Aids. All the cases are for the whole month of January to September of 2012. Statistics for the cases above refers to the morni ng school session only.

Research on Ginger in Meghalaya

Report on the field study of Ginger and Turmeric in Meghalaya PREFACE Meghalaya is a state which is rich in natural resources, be it from flora to fauna to the mineral resources, the state has it in abundance. Agriculture, including crop and animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry and agro processing constitutes the very basis of socio economic lives of India. One of the major activities in the state is cultivation of horticulture crops which includes that of Ginger and Turmeric.Ginger is being predominantly grown in Ri Bhoi District while almost the whole belt of Jaintia Hills, the best quality of Turmeric found in the whole country with the reported cucurmin content up to 7. 6%. However amidst plenty of what we have, there are too many missing links in between for the state to realize the full potential in terms of commercial activities in revenues and most importantly to address the issues of the farmers to increase the income for better livelihoods in the villages.Therefore the mar ket access team from MBDA along with the staffs of Appropriate Technology India (ATI) made a visit to some of the important cultivation belt of ginger and turmeric of Ri Bhoi District and West Jaintia Hills District for assessment of production which includes cultivation practices as well as understanding the organic practices for the potential of organic certification for premium pricing of the products, post harvesting and processing aspects as well as marketing aspects for improving livelihood security in the state.The visit was spanned in six days and within these six days; the program was conducted in the following order: 12th February 2013 On this day the team comprising of three interns from MBDA and five ATI workforce under the supervision of Mr Iai Majaw, the Horticulture Officer with the Government of Meghalaya, left Shillong at around 10 AM and visited the Ginger belt of Ri Bhoi District. Firstly we visited the farm house which is located next to the Highway to Guwahati a t Umsning. There we met and interacted with around twenty five ginger cultivators in and around Umsning.These villages are located within the distance of 1 to 3 kilometers from Umsning. The farmers start sowing ginger from the last week of April throughout the month of May. We came to know that they inherited the ginger cultivation practices from their fore fathers seeing that the climate is conducive for the crop to thrive and that there is a market for all of their produce from year to year. The main area of concern for them is that, the plant is frequently getting infected with root and stem rotting, thus spoiling their effort in time and money.Stem rot is more frequent than root rot and occurs in between the months of June to September. They don’t have any solution to tackle these kind of infections, the only activity that they do is to uproot the whole crop and throw it as far as possible from the cultivation land and sometimes even burning that particular crop but it se ldom help the cause as the infection will start to spread to the whole row and even at times the whole field. They practiced Jhum cultivation with the belief that it softens the soil and helps in the ploughing activity.They also have a fair idea of the reason behind crop rotation and practiced it once in 3 years. They do give manure to the crop once in a while in the form of poultry, pig and cow droppings. They said that they have received training from the horticulture officers but most of the time they apply those methods being taught to them in the beginning phase but revert back to their traditional method of cultivation. They stored the seed in a proper way and have no problem with the occurrence of seed spoilage before the cultivation period.The nearest market for them is the Umsning market which is being held once a week. At the weekly market, traders which are middle men come to purchase their crop at rates of 1,100 – 1,200 rupees per 40 kgs which is a standard unit o f weight being applied in terms of ginger and turmeric in the whole area. However, when they feel that a better price is available at Iewduh market in Shillong or when there is a need to go Shillong for personal work, they carry along the ginger which fetched them a price of around 1,500 – 1,600 per 40 kgs.From there the team moved to Sohpdok village which is approximately 5 kms from Umsning. Here we interacted with the headman of the village and around 15 farmers in the processing unit which is next to the SSA school premises and found out that the ginger cultivation was enlarge by the intervention and help of RRTC, Umran. There are 3 driers, 2 slicers and 1 pulveriser at the processing unit which is not yet functional as they have just received the machines from North Eastern Hill University.The problems and practices regarding the cultivation practices are the same as the ones which have been described above. However, the people said that they rate of ginger that they sell at the village when traders come to collect from the village is around 900 – 1,000 rupees per 40 kgs. The last visit for the day was at Regional Resource Training Centre (RRTC) Umran, which is run by the Catholic Church and presently headed by Father James.The center spans around 400 acres campus and facilitates in imparting training to various livelihood and entrepreneurship program and one of the main activities is the food processing centre which includes turmeric and ginger processing. The ginger after undergoing a series of treatment which includes peeling, trimming, weighing, washing, and processing by boiling with citric acid is then mildly dried and mixed with fine sugar in specific proportions and then properly dried and added with sugar to add as topping. It is then packed and labeled as Ginger Candy.The ginger candy is retailed at an MRP of 35 rupees for 100gms. When asked about the costing, the staff who is taking care of the processing unit said that the whole c ost of labour and various activities from start to finish is around 120 – 150 rupees/kg, while the retail cost is 350 rupees/kg thus making a profit of 200 rupees/kg. The ginger is also converted into powder form firstly dipping the dried ginger in Sodium Carbonate solution to increase the shelf life of the product and then grind to powder and packed.The same goes for turmeric which is simply grind into powder form and retailed at the stores. Their main area of concern is marketing, which they say they have a limited penetration to the market through their retail outlet next to the national highway and some retail shops in and around Shillong. 13th February 2013 The team left for Nongpoh and along with the existing ERPs of MBDA went to Umkon village which is 23 kms away from it. Here we interacted with just around 5 farmers as there is a funeral in the village. Almost each and every ousehold practice ginger cultivation in large scale and turmeric cultivation for their own con sumption on a lower scale. Almost all of the households exceed 500 kgs of ginger production in a year with some of them going up to 3 or 4 tonnes. The main market is at Umden in which the price of the ginger is around 1,000 rupees/40 kgs while the seed is being sold at 35 rupees/kg. The seed is being sold among the farmers from nearby areas and new farmers while the raw ginger is being bought by middlemen and commission agents who then supply either to Guwahati or Kolkata directly.The main areas of concern for the farmers is again the same issue of their inability and lack of knowledge how to tackle diseases such as stem and root rot. However, they shared their success story of how ginger cultivation has improved the general living conditions in and around the area. There is no value added activity for the ginger being produced in the area. Then at around 4 pm we left for Byrnihat to visit the North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation Ltd (NERAMAC).There is a process ing plant to extract ginger oil from fresh or raw ginger. The plant capacity is around 3 to 5 tonnes per day, yielding 1. 5 liters of oil which retails at 7000 – 9000 rupees/liter. The major problem that they are facing is the availability of raw ginger as most of the ginger which is produced within the region is being sold to middlemen at a higher rate. 14th February 2013 The team left Shillong at around 8 AM for the turmeric belt of West Jaintia Hills District.We stationed at CTC hotel and then under the supervision of Mr Lyngdoh, a horticulture officer with the Govt. of Meghalaya, proceeded to Wahiajer village where we interacted with 2 farmers, one farmer just started the ginger cultivation activity since he saw that there is a market and the soil is very good for ginger to grow, so keeping in mind of the above factors he started cultivating ginger and after harvesting the produce, decided not to sell any of it but to keep it as seed for the next year.When we arrived ther e we interacted with him and asked him to show us the place where the seed is being store and when he dug up some of the seed, even though the ginger quality and size is good, it was found that the whole ginger is moist and wet and infected with fungus, budding has also begun to take place. He said that he has received no training on how to cultivate, harvest and store the ginger so he is not aware of what procedures and process to follow.Then we told him to take out the whole lot of ginger stored there and to dry it in the shade and treat it with organic chemicals which might be available at the horticulture office in the block. Being a starter in the activity he is unaware of the whole system, except the price that he might get if he is to sell the product at the local market. He also practices slash and burn cultivation like the rest of the farmers are doing in the whole area.We then met with another farmer who has been practicing the ginger cultivation activity for quite some ye ars but he confessed that he is quite disheartened with the activity as there is no help from the government side in monetary terms nor in training facilities, so he is contemplating of shifting his cultivation activity from ginger to that of tomato as there is a better market currently prevailing in the whole area. The horticulture department is also neglecting the ginger farmers in the area while promoting that of the tomato.We then proceed to Laskein grinding and processing centre which has a Federation comprising of 9 clusters, 30 villages and around 100 SHGs. The Unit was set up in 2007 with the objective of improving livelihood and income within the area. The processing unit was set up with the help of MRDS which also helps in the training of man power as well as marketing activities. The unit is well equipped with Dryers, Slicers, Pulverisers and for the first time this year an Oil extractor machine is being set up which will be functional from this year onwards, the staffs a lso are yet to get training how to utilize the machine.The steps in the processing of ginger in the unit here are as follows: WASHING BOILING SLICING DRYING GRINDING PACKAGING The production of turmeric powder last year was around 3 tonnes and this year they aimed at a higher quantity. Each and every cluster of villages which falls under the association have a commitment to bring the produce of raw turmeric to the processing centre and the Federation buys it at a rate of 30 rupees/kg, when the turmeric is being sold in powder form at 250 rupees/kg as of last year, 230 rupees is being given back to the farmer and 20 rupees is being kept by the federation.The packaging is done in quantities of 1/4th kg, ? kg and 1 kg for the local market while it is packed in gunny bags of 40 kgs each for the lot which is supposed to be transported to Guwahati. 15th February 2013 The team accompanied by Mr Remi from MRDS went to Umsalait village which falls under Iakitlang cluster, comprising of two v illages, Umsalait and Umsaroo which has 245 and 70 households respectively. There are 6 SHGs in the cluster, out of which 5 groups consist of women and 1 group that of men.The team interacted with around 30 farmers and learnt that they have been practicing the cultivation of turmeric from generation which they inherited from their forefathers but increased the activity to a larger scale as soon as they see that there is a market and it contributes to the generation of income activity. The problems faced by the farmers are almost the same throughout the state in which the major issues are that of diseases and not knowing how to tackle them.They are quite grateful to MRDS which helped them in imparting knowledge and funds even if it’s in small mount, the intervention has helped them to increase their income for a better living conditions. 16th February 2013 The team visited Mr W. Nongspung processing centre situated at Laitkor which is roughly 12 kms from Shillong. Mr Nongspung took advantage of the PMEGP scheme from DIC, Shillong and set up his processing centre there.However, fewer spices products are being processed at his unit since he only supply dry turmeric to a company in Guwahati known as Amalgamated Plantations, located at Christian Basti on a commission basis. His commission stands at 20 rupees/kg. He supplies around 30 tonnes of dry turmeric in a year and the company financed the money entirely in advance. Owing to this, he processed dry turmeric at a very less amount. He then started processing fruit juices such as star fruit, cherry as well as pickling of ginger, radish, chillies and bamboo shoots.His products have Organic tags along with them, while there is no proof of paper work that his products are organic certified. He sources the packaging materials from Industrial estate in Guwahati and get the label locally printed in Shillong. According to him, the major difficulty he is facing is that he doesn’t know how to market his produ cts in a big way and he has no idea about branding at all OBSERVATIONS Below are the few parameters of observation prevailing in the production areas where the team has visited a) AREA AND PRODUCTIONMost of the households in the villages which fall under the area that we have visited do not have a fair idea of the size of their respective plot under ginger and turmeric cultivation. From the conversation that we had we could make out that the minimum area of cultivation per family is around 1 acre up to 4 to 5 hectares. As far as production is concerned, the quantity that each household produces ranges from 750 kg to 5 tonnes. b) LAND USE The land that is used is normally rotational and at times shifting and bun cultivation is a normal practice which is traditional in nature.The area to be cultivated is first covered with the soil on top of the leaves and then slowly burned and often left overnight so as to soften the soil in the ploughing process thus easing the tilling process. Thi s practice also helps in sterilization of the soil. The agricultural land is mostly owned and controlled by individual farmers and some of them have been leased by people who are not engaged in agricultural activities who are mostly traders or government servants or who have migrated from the village on a nominal fee or in exchange for the products the cultivate. ) LAND PREPARATION Ginger and turmeric is normally cultivated in slopes and terrains under the shade of some trees. The land is normally not ploughed but just holed and dug up to 6 to 7 inches for the seed to be buried inside. Very few farmers added manure of animal dung to the crop while the rest just leave it as it is. There are no proper irrigation facilities to retain the water content during the rainy season, thus leaving the crop to absorb as much water as ossible during the rainy season and dried throughout the rest of the months. d) SELECTION OF SEED After the harvest is done, rhizomes which are large, healthy, free from any injury spots and more buds are selected to be stored as seed. The seeds in the case of turmeric are simply stored under the shade above the ground and normally very few infections would occur on turmeric seed, whereas in the case of ginger it is more complicated as the seed is normally infected with fungus and budding usually takes place before the sowing season.The method of storage is traditional in practice as the seed is stored under a pit dug below the ground and simply covered with a thin layer of soil thus attracting moisture and fungus to infect the seed. There are many cases in which farmers have complained that the seed gets spoiled before the sowing season starts. e) PLANTING Planting is usually done in the month of April to May just at the start of the rain. The rhizomes are planted in about 6 inches apart from each other and 6 to 8 inches deep and then covered with soil. During plantation the rhizomes are broken and make sure that they at least have 4 to 6 bud ding sprouts.The turmeric and ginger is normally cultivated along some other vegetables in the field such as beans, maize and pumpkin. f) HARVEST The harvest is done in when the crop attains maturity, the sign given by the death of the stem and leaves. It usually starts from early November and goes till the end of January. The seed is normally left till end of February to attain maximum maturity. Farmers also sometimes look at the market demand and when they know that there is a demand for the product in the market, they normally harvest the crop as and when required. ) MARKETING The marketing of ginger and turmeric usually happens in weekly local markets which are near to the villages and sometimes at Iewduh, in Shillong. Commission agents, middle men and traders purchase the products at a wholesale rate from local markets and then sort out and grade the lot according to the quality and packed them in gunny bags to be transported outside the state. In case of turmeric, trade happen s mostly as a dry material in the form of slices or in powder, whereas in case of ginger trade happens at the raw or fresh ginger state.Thus we can see that the middlemen control the market of ginger and turmeric in the whole state. h) COSTING 1) Cultivation-(umsalait) For 1 hectare land, they need around 10 people for 60 days and labour cost is Rs 200/day. (a) Labour 10 x 60 = 600 (b) Labour Cost 600 x 200 = Rs 1,20,000 (c) Seed Cost Rs 30 x 2000kg = Rs Rs 60,000 ————————————————————————– DIRECT TOTAL COST = Rs 1, 80,000The production from 2000kg seed is around 5 tonnes. And the cost of raw turmeric is Rs 30/kg PRODUCTION OUTPUT= 30 x 5000 = Rs 1, 50,000 Therefore we can see that the expenditure exceeds sale, thus instead of benefitting from the agricultural activity, the farmers are suffering losses, which th ey cannot understand as there is no costing method being followed. 2) Processing-(laskein) Cost of raw turmeric is Rs 30/kg. if 100kg is taken for processing, then cost of procuring raw turmeric will be Rs 3000. kg of raw turmeric when dried will produce only 1kg. Therefore 100kg will produce 17kg of dried turmeric. a) Cost of dried turmeric = 3000 / 17kg = Rs 176/kg b) Other Indirect Cost = Rs 100/kg (sorting, washing, drying, slicing, grinding, packaging, transportation, electricity bills and other miscellaneous fee) ___________________________________________________________ TOTAL COST PER KG = Rs 276SELLING PRICE OF 1kg POWDERED TURMERIC = Rs 250 Thus over here we can also see expenditure exceeds sale which results in a loss for the farmers. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that there is a need to reduce the DIRECT COST and to increase the Seed to Production Output in order to generate higher revenue. Interventions like introduction of power tillers, is not feasible because the cultivated areas are located in far away terrain and slopes, which are not motorable. ORGANIC PRACTICES AND SCOPE OF CERTIFICATIONAs the method of cultivation in the whole state is mostly organic in nature and with the awareness on importance of organic certification that organic products fetches a premium price in the market, there is a need to promote and to create awareness among the farmers to opt for organic certification so as to increase their income from selling their products. While discussing with various farmers, it is found out that organic farming, although practiced, is mostly done using traditional methods which consist mainly of slash and burn and composting.However, the â€Å"slash and burn† method is not considered as organic method because it kills the microbes which fertilize the field. Also, they have no access or awareness about organic pesticides like Trichogramma which is available from the State Biological Control Laboratory in Shillong. And Trichoderma which is use mainly for Ginger and Turmeric is still in the testing stage and will be available shortly. Some of the reasons that the farmers have not under gone organic certifications are mentioned below- 1) No awareness about organic certifications and its potential. ) The farmers have not received any training methods regarding organic farming. 3) They are also not aware of the market and its demand for organic products. 4) The certification process is quite long which takes up to three years. On top of that, the certificate has to be renewed every year. 5) It is also quite expensive. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE FARMERS/ PRODUCERS AT PRODUCTION LEVEL 1) Low yield of the horticultural crops in which the ratio is 1:2. ) Prevalence of bacterial and fungal infections which affect both stem rot as well as root rot 3) Unsuitable farming practices with poor drainage system to retain water 4) Very seldom crop rotation to replenish soil nutrients 5) Jhum cultivation in which the soil microorganisms died in the process 6) No organic manure is being given to the crops 7) There is no treatment of the seed before sowing 8) There is no capacity building measures being taken to tackle infections and other diseases.POST HARVESTING AND PROCESSING ASPECTS 1) 99% of the farmers sell ginger as a raw produce while turmeric is often converted to dry slices or at times into powder form but at a lower scale. 2) The market is being dominated by the middle men 3) There is no system of grading the ginger based on size and quality 4) The seed to be stored is not harvested at the right time so as it is mature enough to resist spoilage and not properly dried to resist fungal infection 5) Lack of knowledge and training how to store the seed ) Lack of knowledge regarding value addition activities which will fetch a premium price 7) Lack of appropriate technology and infrastructure in many aspects of modern storage. SUGGESTIONS FOR TRAINING/MBDA INTERVENTION CULTIVATION LEVEL 1) Treatment of the seed with organic chemicals such as Trichoderma, one day before sowing to control any seed infection later on. 2) Use of organic compost manure to increase the yield and productivity 3) Proper inter-culture activities from month to month ) Digging of horizontal drain-like pit of about ? ft depth perpendicular to the cultivation rows in terrain areas for water and manure retention. 5) Training in capacity building measures to tackle infections and diseases of both root and stem. 6) Practicing rotation cultivation of turmeric and ginger with leguminous plants on a yearly basis to replenish the nitrogen content of the soil 7) The seed which has to be stored needs to be harvested when it has matured. POST HARVESTING ) Grading and segregating the harvest if needed 2) Proper drying of the seed for a week under the shade to avoid moisture content in order to prevent fungus infection during storage. 3) Modern method of storage to maintain the health and freshness of the see d, by digging a hole up to 1 ? ft deep inside the ground and covered with lumps of soil up to 1 ft height and then plaster with a thin layer of wet mud to prevent entry of moisture. 4) Costing method should be taught. 5) Record keeping and internal assessment. ) Awareness of the importance of value addition process post harvesting. 7) Exposure visit. 8) The officers at various levels in District headquarters should play a pro-active role in imparting training and looking at various aspects where there could be an intervention. CONCLUSION In both cases of Turmeric and Ginger, there is hardly any value addition that is being done in the State. Middlemen control the market and influenced the fluctuation in price of both these items.In the case of Ginger alone, except for a meager percentage which gets converted into Ginger Candy at Regional Resource Training Centre (RRTC), Umran and North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation Ltd (NERAMAC), Byrnihat, there is no other val ue addition activity being practiced in the State. The whole amount of raw ginger is being packed into sacks of gunny bags of 40kgs and transported directly to Guwahati and Kolkata, thus we are deprived of the real value of what ginger could have fetched if proper knowledge, skills and machineries are being set up for value addition activities within the state.Whereas in terms of Turmeric, people are more aware of the better price which powder turmeric fetches in the market. Beside few turmeric processing units at the village level which were set up by Self Help Groups (SHG) at the cluster or village level, such as one at Laskein Block in West Jaintia Hills and smaller individual Grinding units at Shangpung and Laitkor, there are many small entrepreneurs who take their produce of dry turmeric to grind at any of these grinding units and sell at local markets as well as in the main market, Iewduh in Shillong.Of what we observed, most of the farmers involved in cultivation of turmeric and ginger, are women which comprises of around 70 percent workforce, the men are usually involve during ploughing activity which is more related to strength but as soon as the sowing season started they shifted to other kinds of works or migrated to other villages in search of work. Thus there is a lot desired and to be done in order to improve livelihood security through integration in growth value chains and market linkages in Meghalaya. ______________________________________________________________________

The Link Between Child Abuse And Adult Physical And Mental...

Abstract This paper explores 11 published articles which report on results from research conducted on the links between child abuse and adult physical and mental health. The articles vary in their themes and ideas of child abuse in relations to trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress, juvenile offenses, and teen dating violence. Other articles suggest adult criminal behaviors, incarceration and parenting styles of those who were abused as children. This paper examines the relationship within one another of how child abuse affects those children in later years and stages of life. Introduction According to The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, child abuse is defined as â€Å"Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm,† (www.childwelfare.gov). This could be interpreted as physical, sexual or emotional abuse in childhood for those 18 years of age and younger. Child abuse can cause many risk factors and health issues for those affected which can life in later years. The published articles in this literature review all prove evidence that child abuse can negatively affect those children in either their adolescences or adulthood, or even in both. None of the articles explore if those children abused later abuse their future children, however a study by Ehrensaft,Show MoreRelatedChild Abuse Is A Common And Sad Fate For Many Children Essay1558 Words   |à ‚  7 PagesChild abuse is a common and sad fate for many children today, statistics show that more than four children die every day because of child abuse. Abused children not only experience the effects of the abuse in childhood, but in adulthood as well. There are ways to detect child abuse and how you can help these children. ChildHelp.org stated that â€Å"Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States.† Child abuse is a terrible epidemic that needs to be put to an endRead More The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesChild abuse is a serious issue in todays society. There are many victims of child abuse. There are three kinds of child abuse: emotional, sexual, and physical. Many researchers believe that sexual abuse is the most detrimental of the three. A middle-aged adult who is feeling depressed will probably not relate it back to his childhood, but maybe he should. The short-term effects of childhood sexual abuse have been proven valid, but now the question is, do the long-term effects of childhood sexualRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreIt Is General Knowledge That Being Abused As A Child Will1332 Words   |  6 Pagesabused as a child will leave lasting impressions on them even into their adult life. The severity of the abuse does change how much of an impression was made, but, nonetheless, abuse leaves nothing but negative results. It will affect how children handle issues and communicate with others. It will likely worsen their grades in school and, if the child’s relationship with their parents is still bad, they will continue into a downward spiral later on in life. People who have experienced abuse as childrenRead MoreThe Consequence s And Risk Factors Of Child Abuse And Neglect930 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequences and risk factors of child abuse and neglect in first world countries such as North America and New Zealand. About 40 million children experience some kind of maltreatment around the world each year (Odhayani, A. A, Watson, W.J, Waston, L, 2013). Although, any child is susceptible to child maltreatment children from low-income families and poor family structures such as living in a one-parent household are more prone to abuse. Abused children experience many mental health problems such as severeRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Childhood Abuse1562 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional development. Children around this country are abused and neglected every second. â€Å"Childhood maltreatment also represents a serious public health concern, with an estimated 3.3 million referrals to child protective agencies for suspected child maltreatment in 2005† (Bentley Widom, 2009). Those children who are abu sed eventually become adults whom suffered from childhood trauma. Although a trauma may be considered to be in the past, for many the scars are ever so present when moving throughoutRead MoreAbstract. A Strong Family Foundation Can Establish Positive1543 Words   |  7 Pagesincludes a parent and child having a good relationship. On the other side of the spectrum a family full of violence and child abuse can establish negative outcomes and consequences in a child’s well being and quality of life. The mental and psychological health of this child can be compromised due to not having a stable home. The objective is to research the relationship between child abuse and quality of life in abused children. Both male and female children will complete Scale of Abuse in Children andRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse Within The United States1417 Words   |  6 PagesChild Sexual Abuse: It’s Prevalence and Severity in The United States Today, Americans fail to realize the prevalence and severity of child sexual abuse within the United States. Though crimes of adult rape are of equal importance, the sexual victimization of children, ages seventeen and under, accounted for nearly 70% of all reported sexual assault cases in 2015. To further the issue, arrests were made in only 29% of these child sexual abuse cases; this means that for every ten sexual abuse casesRead MoreTerm Paper : Child Abuse Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesDe’Ron Powell Mr. Smith Health, Period 3 28 November 2016 Term Paper: Child Abuse Child abuse is common in most places and in most cases the abuse form of sexual, mental, and physical abuse. These children who are usually abused or neglected you have low self-esteem and have been taught to feel worthless. The percentage of children abuse just in the United States is drastic. According to an article, more than 2.5 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States annually with hundredsRead MoreA Link Between Foster Care Placement During Childhood And Adult Delinquency1348 Words   |  6 Pagesshown a link between foster care placement during childhood and adult criminality. Two groups were identified, a control group and a treatment group. The control group consisted of individuals that were the same age and gender of the treatment group. The results showed that foster care predicts higher adult criminality for males first placed during adolescence (ages 13–18). No significant association for boys who were placed in foster care before age 13 and no significant association on the adult criminality

The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison - 1816 Words

. Beloved is one of the most beautifully written books and Toni Morrison is one of the best authors in the world. After reading the Bluest Eye and seeing how captivating it is, it is not highly expectant to think that Beloved to be just as enchanting. Anyone who has read Beloved would read it again and those of us who have not should be dying to read it. Beloved is a historical fiction novel based on a true historical incident. Beloved is set during the time period of the Civil War . The American Civil War to be exact , which took place between the years of 1861 and 1865. According to Bonnie Angelo, â€Å"Beloved is dedicated to Sixty Million and more, dedicated to the Africans and their descendants who died as a result of the Atlantic slave trade.† 1 As stated before it is based or should one say inspired by the life of the slave Margaret Garner, who was an African Americ an slave . She attempts to escape in 1856 Kentucky by fleeing to Ohio, which was a free state. A mob of slave owners, planters and overseers arrived to repossess her and her children under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which gave slave owners the right to pursue slaves across state borders. Margaret killed her two-year-old daughter rather than allow her to be recaptured. 2 Morrison links the middle passage with the plight of former black slaves. She links the supernatural and fantasy with historicalShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, criticizes the danger of race discrimination for any kinds of situations with no exception. The purpose of the paper is explain how pervasive and destructive social racism was bound to happen in American society. The intended audiences are not only black people, but also other races had suffered racism until now. I could find out and concentrate on the most notable symbols whi ch are whiteness, blue eyes and the characterization while reading the novel. Toni MorrisonRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"We were born to die and we die to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke throughRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison956 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Slavery Influenced the Characters of The Bluest Eye Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated by the endlessRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1189 Words   |  5 PagesA standard of beauty is established by the society in which a person lives and then supported by its members in the community. In the novel The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, we are given an extensive understanding of how whiteness is the standard of beauty through messages throughout the novel that whiteness is superior. Morrison emphasizes how this ideality distorts the minds and lives of African-American women and children. He emphasizes that in order for African-American wom en to survive in aRead MoreThe Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1095 Words   |  5 PagesSocial class is a major theme in the book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison is saying that there are dysfunctional families in every social class, though people only think of it in the lower class. Toni Morrison was also stating that people also use social class to separate themselves from others and apart from race; social class is one thing Pauline and Geraldine admire.Claudia, Pecola, and Frieda are affected by not only their own social status, but others social status too - for exampleRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesblack/whiteness. Specifically, white people were positioned at the upper part of the hierarchy, whereas, African Americans were inferior. Consequently, white people were able to control and dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and id eals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrierRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1103 Words   |  5 Pages Toni Morrison is known for her prized works exploring themes and issues that are rampant in African American communities. Viewing Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye from a psychoanalytical lens sheds light onto how, as members of a marginalized group, character’s low self-esteem reflect into their actions, desires, and defense mechanisms. In her analysis of psychoanalytical criticism, Lois Tyson focuses on psychological defense mechanisms such as selective perception, selective memory, denialRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1462 Words   |  6 PagesBildungsroman literature in the 20th century embodies the virtues of different authors’ contexts and cultures, influencing the fictional stories of children’s lives around the wo rld.. The Bluest Eye is a 1970 publication by Toni Morrison set in 1940s Ohio in America, focal around the consequence of racism in an American community on the growth of a child, distinct in its use of a range of narrative perspectives. Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid is a novel set in post colonial Antigua, published in 1985Read MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliated

Tools and Techniques to Solve Financial Problems and Make Effective Bu Assignment

Essays on Tools and Techniques to Solve Financial Problems and Make Effective Business Decisions Assignment The paper â€Å"Tools and Techniques to Solve Financial Problems and Make Effective Business Decisions" is a   worthy example of an assignment on finance accounting. External users of financial accounting reports or statements such as creditors or investors have a direct financial interest in the economic status of the organization, while managerial accounting reports are primarily of interest to parties involved in the day-to-day management of the organization.   In this assignment, you are to identify what type of reports the various users identified below are interested in receiving and why.   The first column has been completed for you.Financial accounting is being used by the indicated professionals to report the financial performance and the company’s results. For instance, public companies use financial accounting because it is a requirement that they declare their results. The statements so created can facilitate easy analysis. Managerial accounting is used to compile data that is required by the managers to make relevant decisions. Financial condition, on the other hand, is necessary for business owners to know the viability of their business and whether it is achieving the set goals. Performance is used by various users to know how the company is generally scaling while the controls are important as they ensure quality and provision of guidelines for successful operations.In the assignment be sure to have the managers describe in a paragraph each the purpose and uses of financial accounting and managerial accounting and why they are important to the users.Financial accounting consists of statements that are used by companies and other users to record analyze and report financial information. They include cash flows, statement of changes in net assets, the balance sheet and income statements. Cash flow is used to indicate the inwards and outwards transactions within the business over a given period of time (Vance, 2003). This is importan t to the users like investors, creditors as they are interested in knowing what is happening to the liquid resource. Statements of Changes in net assets are important as they indicate the changes in the net assets over a given period of time. It shows and gives reasons why there is a change in the retained earnings over a period of time. A balance sheet shows the financial position of the business. This is important s it help users know to know the viability of the company and whether it is in a position to pay shareholders upon liquidation. Finally, income statements are important as it indicates sales and the expenses the company incurs. It, therefore, shows whether the company is making profits or losses.Managerial accounting is concerned with preparing those financial statements for internal purposes and therefore there are no serious guiding principles. And therefore in most cases uses discuss with the individual to prepare it, to agree on the format, uniformity and the compara bility of information to reduce vagueness in the statement.The unique features of accounting practices within the healthcare industry:ControllershipThis is one of the unique accounting practices within the health industry. It entails planning for controls, reporting, evaluating, consulting, and protecting assets, and the appraisal of economic health.TreasurershipThis is another unique practice in the health industry and entails providing capital, maintaining investor relations, providing short term financing, banking, and custody, overseeing credits, choosing investments and finally providing insurance.Funding Accounting---This is an accounting system whereby both assets and liabilities are segregated in the accounting records. Each fund that is used is considered independent with own set of accounts though the basic accounting principles like Assets = Liabilities must be upheld.Contractual Allowances:   This is defined as the difference in the hospital bill and a payment from the third party such as government programs, insurance among others. This can also be referred to as a contractual adjustment.Depreciation:   This is a financial term that refers to the decrease in value of an asset which is caused by unfavorable market situations. This can also be due to the time value of the tangible asset.Funded Depreciation:  This is a fixed management method that assists organizations and companies to allocate funds meant to renew tangible assets that are used in operations.

Petro hw free essay sample

What is the first priority of a petroleum engineer? (5 points) The first priority of a petroleum engineer is safety. 2. What are the 5 elements of a petroleum system labeled on the illustration above? Green indicates hydrocarbon fill and E refers to the anticlinal structure. (10 points) A. Top Seal Rock (impermeable shale) B. Reservoir Rock (Porous sandstone) C. Source Rock (Organic-Rich shale) D. Potential migration route (Non-sealing fault) E. Anticlinal Trap 3. Name the four major disciplines of Petroleum Engineering. (4 points) Reservoir Engineering, Production Engineering, Petrophysics (Formation Evaluation), and Drilling. 4. What are the three main purposes of drilling fluid (mud)? (6 points) It maintains hydrostatic pressure to control the well, it circulates rock cuttings to the surface for analysis, and it cools the drill bit. 5. Which of the following is NOT a drive mechanismSolution gas drive, Reservoir Compaction, Gravity Segregation, or Natural water drive? (5 points) Gravity segregation is not a drive mechanism. 6. The supercontinent Pangaea started to break up about 200 million years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Petro hw or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Are most hydrocarbon reservoirs in rocks that are younger than the start of the breakup, or older? (5 points) Most reservoirs were formed in the Jurassic and Cretaceous period. The age of these periods are less the 200 million years old. Therefore, the reservoir rocks are younger than the start of the Pangaea breakup. 7. Explain the main driving force behind Plate Tectonics. (5 points) The main driving force behind plate tectonics is convection. The mantle is liquid so it moves in a circular motion that drives Earth’s crust to move. The mantle behaves like water would if you were boiling water. A mnemonic is a word trick that helps you to remember a sequence of information. Give a mnemonic that can be used to help you remember the 7 Periods of the Paleozoic Era. (5 points) Paleozoic Periods Make Distinctions with Start Of Cambrian. 9. Name the three types of sedimentary rocks, indicate whether each is a reservoir, source, and/or seal, and name an example rock for each. (10 points) There are clastics, nonclastics, and evaporites. Clastics include sandstone, which is a reservoir, and shale, which is a source, trap, and also a reservoir. An example of a nonclastic is carbonate, which is a reservoir. An example of an evaporite is salt, which is a trap. 10. The seismic reflection coefficient R for the interface between two layers of rock is given (approximately) by the following equation for normal incidence (sound raypaths hit the interface between two rock layers at a right angle), where ? 1 is the density of layer 1 (top), ? 2 is the density of layer 2 (bottom), v1 is the velocity of sound in layer 1 (top) and v2 is the velocity of sound in layer 2 (bottom): Calculate the reflection coefficient R if ?1 = 2. 1 gm/cm3, ? 2 = 2. 2 gm/cm3, v1 = 1500 m/s, and v2 = 2000 m/s. (5 points) The reflection coefficient is 0. 17 11. Why do Petroleum Engineers care about Plate Tectonics? (4 points) It tells them about the creation of structures and basins. It also helps them identify places where there are potential reservoirs or source rocks. 12. Flow from a pressured â€Å"zone† (interval of porous rock) encountered while drilling is controlled when the mud weight in the wellbore provides a pressure that equals or exceeds the pressure of the zone. There is a pressured zone at 8000psi penetrated while drilling at 15,000ft in a vertical well. What minimum mud weight is necessary to control flow from this zone? (Hydrostatic pressure in psi = 0. 052 x Mud Weight (ppg) x True Vertical Depth (ft. )). (6 points) 8000 psi/15,000 ft. x 0. 052 = 10. 3 ppg. The mud weight is 10. 3 ppg. 13. List 5 of the top 10 Ways to Reduce Stress, according to Reuben Parrish (5 points) 1. Breathe 2. Use a calendar 3. Evaluate yourself at the end of every week 4. Establish effective environments 5. Utilize a â€Å"To-Do† List

Vietnam Memorial Essay Example For Students

Vietnam Memorial Essay annonAt the age of twenty one, a female undergraduate at Yale Universitynamed Maya Lin submitted her design for the Vietnam Memorial. Her ideafor the memorial was extremely unique and controversial. After longdiscussions by a panel, it was chosen for construction. The designthat she submitted was one that was very different in comparison toother memorials, and it was one that has a tendency to leave a lot ofquestions on the minds of the visitors. On the face of the memorialthere is a list of all those who died or are missing in the order bywhich they were lost. It could seem to some one who did notunderstand the incident that the monument honors only those lost, butthat is incorrect. Maya Lin?s design formed into the most uniquememorial structure of its kind, which honors all who served in theVietnam War (Colliers 23: 137). We will write a custom essay on Vietnam Memorial specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The official name given to the monument was the Vietnam Veteransmemorial. In this name alone it is clear that it was not erected forthe sole purpose of honoring only those who were lost in the conflict. The term KIA was the abbreviation used for those people who werekilled in action, and these people represent 47,000 of the 58,000names on the wall. The other 11,000 were soldiers who died fromcrashes, snake bites, illnesses, and other non-combat related deaths(Olson 227). There is no distinction made between the two groups onthe monument. The structure is a v-shaped polished granite slab thatunlike other monuments has no message of honor or patriotism. All ofthose subjects are left to the thoughts of the beholder. People oftenfind therapy in locating the name of a companion or a loved one. TheVietnam Veterans Memorial is by far the most emotional moving warmonument in Washington, and that alone makes it very unique(Collier?s138). In comparison with other monuments, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial isvastly different. A point of comparison could be the Marine Corps WarMemorial, otherwise known as the Iwo Jima monument. This monument is asculpture of three soldiers risking their lives to keep the Americanflag flying. The structure has a deep sense of understood patriotismand there is a great deal of honor that is also associated with it. Unlike the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Iwo Jima monument is atribute only to the Marines who served in World War Two. The VietnamVeterans Memorial has no suchmessage of honor and courage, but rather an atmosphere that causesvisitors to reflect on the conflict (Colliers 138-139). The only monument that is similar the Vietnam Veterans Memorial isthe memorial to Ulysses S. Grant. It is located at the foot of thecapital and has no clear cut meaning. There is no political messagethat can be taken away from Grant?s memorial. It neither glorifies warnor possesses an antiwar message, and there is no moral lesson thatcan be taken away from this monument (Colliers 138). One of the greatthings about the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is that it allows thepublic to form its own opinion of the conflict with out forcing apolitical message. It is because of this ambiguity that the monumentis so unique. Unlike other monuments, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial can not be seenfrom a distance. One must commit to see it, and then walk down to it. This is just the opposite of other monuments such as the LincolnMemorial and the Jefferson Memorial which were created to show the menon a higher God-like platform. Also, it is not at all uncommon to findmen and women alike weeping at the base of the monument (Colliers138-139) Cynics could argue and say they morn only for their lovedones, and were not moved by the power of the monument, but this is notalways the case. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is an experience thataffects thousands of people daily, and changes the lives of almost asmany. This is a characteristic that no other war monument in thecountry seems to posses. .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 , .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .postImageUrl , .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 , .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035:hover , .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035:visited , .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035:active { border:0!important; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035:active , .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035 .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc346dcaa211654a72038bf6dc972f035:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Criticism Of the Sick Rose EssayThe first inscription on the wall reads ?IN HONOR OF THE MEN ANDWOMEN OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE UNITED STATES WHO SERVED IN THEVIETNAM WAR. THE NAMES OF THOSE WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES AND OF THOSE WHOREMAIN MISSING ARE INSCRIBED IN THE ORDER THEY WERE TAKEN FROM US?. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is also unique in the sense that ishonors all who fought, as most monuments honor only those who died. From this one could imply that the veterans were not sufficientlyhonored by the people of America. (Colliers 139-140)It is clear that the erection of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was awonderful addition to the Washington Mall of monuments. There is somedisagreement as to the exact meaning of the monument, but that isbecause in was designed for that very purpose. Maya Lin was quoted tosay that she wanted a ?quiet place, meant for personal reflection andprivate reckoning? (Colliers 139) That was exactly what she gave tothe country in her unique interpretation of what the monument shouldbe.